Textile

Units and Conversion

FIBER

YARN COUNTS

COUNT CONVERSION

UNITS CONVERSATION

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN COTTON TEXTILE MILLS

MIXING

BLOW ROOM

CARDING

DRAW FRAME

SPEED FRAME

YARN

WINDING

DOUBLING

FIBER

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Micronaire value (cotton) -

Micrograms/ inch. The average weight of one inch length of fiber, expressed in micrograms (0.000001g), which is approximately equivalent to, Micronaire Readings defined by A.S.T.M

Denier(Man-made fiber)

Weight in grams per 9000 meters of fiber

Micron(wool)

Fineness expressed as fiber diameter in microns (0.001mm).

Conversions

Denier = 0.354 * micronaire value

Micronaire value = 2.824 * Denier

HVI

SF = 50.01 - (0.766 * 2.5%SL) - (50%SL *81.48)

Where SL is in inches

Tolerable Cotton Proverty CV

YARN COUNTS

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(A) Indirect system

English count (Ne)

Number of 840 yards per pound.

French count (Nf)

Number of 1000 meters per kilogram.

worsted count

Number of 560 yards per pound.

Woolen cut Scllnen Lea (wet spun)

Number of 300 yards per pound.

(B) Direct System

Tex count

Weight in grams per 1000 meters

Weight in pounds per 14,400 yards (Spyndle)

Denier

Weight in grams per 9000 metres

COUNT CONVERSION

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Calculator

1. English count=

French count * 1.1810

Metric count * 0.5905

Worsted count * 0.6667

Wollen cut 8c Linen Lea * 0.3571

5905 * Tex count

5315 * Denier

17.14 * jute count

2. Metric count=

English count * 1.693

French Count * 2.0

Worsted count * 1.129

Woolen cut 8c linen lea * 0.6047

1000 * Tex count

9000 * Denier

29.03 * Jute count

4. Tex count

590.5 * English count

500 * French count

1000 * Metric count

885.8 * worsted count

1654 * Wolen cut and linen lea

0.1111 * denier

34.45 * jute count

5. Denier

5315 * English count

4500 * French count

9000 * Metric count

7972 * worsted count

14880 * woolen cut and linen lea

9 * tex

310 * jute count

UNITS CONVERSATION

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Calculator

One Pound =	16.00 ounces	One Kilogram	=1000.0 grams
=	7000 grains		=2.2046 pound
=	453.59 grains		=35.274 ounces
=	0.4536 kilogram		=15432.0 grains
One Ounce =	437.50 grains	One gram	=1000.0 milligram
=	28.350 grains		=0.03527 ounces
			=15.432 grains
One grain =	0.00229	One Milligram	=0.0154 grain
=	0.0648 gram
=	64.8 milligram

LINEAR MEASURES
Calculator
One yard =	3.0 feet	One meter	= 100.0 centimeter
=	36.0 inches		= 3.281 feet
=	91.44 centimeters		= 39.37 inches
=	0.9144 metre		=1.0936 yards
One Foot =	0.3333 yards	One millimeter	=0.0334 inches
=	12.0 inches	One inch	=0.0278 yard
=	30.48 centimeters		=0.0833 foot
=	0.3048 meter		=25.4 milimeters
			=2.54 centimeters
			=0.0254 meter.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN COTTON TEXTILE MILLS

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Department

Relative Humidity %

Temperature C (F)

	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max
Mixing Room	60	65	27 (80)	33 (92)
Blow Room	50	55	27 (80)	35 (95)
Card Frame	50	55	27 (80)	35 (95)
Ring Frame	53	58	30 (80)	35 (95)
Winding	60	65	27 (80)	33 (92)


MIXING	Top

BLOW ROOM	Top
1. Cleaning efficiency percentage: (CE%)
(Trash in mixing - Trash in Lap * 100) / Trash in mixing
2. Beating / inch
(Beater rpm * no. of arms) / (Feed roller rpm * (22/7) * Feed roll diameter in inch)
EXAMPLE:
(Beater speed = 800; Arms = 3; Feed roller rpm = 10; Feed roller diameter =2.5"
Beats / inch = (800 * 30) / (10 * 3.14 * 2.5 ") = 30 Approx.
3. Standard pressure when spinning cotton and synthetic.

	Synthetic	Cotton
On rack heads	300 Kg / cm2	300 Kg/cm2
On Calendar Roller	3000Kg / cm2	2700 Kg /cm2
Pulling Device	130Kg / cm2	130 Kg / cm2

4. Expected standard efficiency %

For Auto Doffing is 88 to 90% (Allowing for mixing change and cleaning)

5. Lap Tolerance Limits = (Avg. Lap Wt. + - (2 * C.V %* Nominal Wt.))/ 100

Coefficient of variation of lap		Norms
One yard	Good	Avg.
Full Lap	0.70	1.0
Wrapping	1.2	2.0
6. Norms of wrapping C.V
Satisfactory values of % C.V. for wrapping in Preparatory & spinning
Wrapping	Length in m	%C.V	U%
Blow room lap	1	1
Card silver	10	2.0	3.5
Finisher Drawing Sliver	1	0.85	2.2
Inter	5	1.5	3.3
Yarn up to 60 Ne	100	1.2
Yarn 60 Ne and above	100	1.5
Yarn up to 60 Ne (Strength CV)		3
Yarn 60 Ne and above (Strength CV)		4.5

CARDING		Top
1. Cleaning Efficiency (%)
(( Trash in Lap - Trash in Silver) / Trash in Lap)*100
2. Twist inserted / inch in sliver
(rpm of can plate ) / Surface speed of calendar Roller

DRAW FRAME	Top
1. Roller setting for 3 Roller Drawing
Front Zone = AFIS 5% Length	Back zone = AFIS 5% + 4m.m.
2. C.V of Sliver = C/ Sqrt N
C =C.V of creel sliver ; N = Number of slivers fed


SPEED FRAME		Top

1	Coils per inch
	For Coarse Roving = T.P I * 10
	For fine Roving =T.P I * 13
2	Thumb Rule for Layers / cm. =5.12 / sqrt (Roving hank)

YARN	Top
1. Natural variation = CV % * 2
Let CV = 1.2 ; count = 30
(1.2 * 2 * 30 ) / 100 = 0.72
30 +- 0.72 Ne
2. Ring Yarns Single yarn strength in gram * 0.264 = lea strength of 120 yards in Lbs. Rotor Yarns (i) Cotton RKM = 0.00525 * CSP + 0.842 (ii) Cotton Blended RKM = 0.00537 * CSP + 0.943 (iii) Man Made RKM = 0.00561 * CSP + 1.079

3. Coils / inch (yarn gap should be equal to half the diameter of yarn between consecutive coils) By Thumb Rule = 13.3 * sqrt (count)

4	General formula for tape Width
	Tape width = Face width of spindle Wharve - 4mm

WINDING				Top
1.	Yarn quality Factor = Clearing Efficiency / Knot factor
2.	Pre clearer Gauge at winding (carded yarn) 4.0 * yarn diameter
	Pre clearer Gauge at winding (combed yarn) 5 * yarn diameter
3.	Clearing Efficiency=
	100 * (Total unwanted Faults Removed by Clearer) / ( Total Number of such faults Present in the yarn)
4.	Knot Factor = ( Total number of Clearer cuts) / (Number of unwanted yarn faults removed)
5.	Normal Clearing Efficiency and knot Factor
	Type of Clearer	CE	Knot Factor
	Electronic Clearer	80-95	< 1.3
6.	Yarn Tension level
(1 / 20) * single yarn Strength -- Do not be amazed Just try It
DOUBLING				Top
1.	Total imperfection in Double yarn=0.170 * Total imperfection in single yarn
2.	Doubling yarn strength = Ring yarn strength * 2.5
3.	Double yarn U% = Single yarn U% / sqrt ( No of yarns)
4.	Doubling Tension weight in gram = ( Lea strength in Lb * 4) /15.4